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NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form; pyridine dinucleotide cofactor) · 5 min read

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a well-characterized pyridine dinucleotide cofactor supplied as a research-use-only reference material for in-vitro biochemistry. It comprises an adenine nucleotide and a nicotinamide nucleotide joined through a pyrophosphate bridge, and is widely used in the literature as a redox carrier and as a co-substrate for NAD-consuming enzyme classes studied in cell-free and cultured-cell systems.

Analytical identity

NAD+ is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, free-acid form CAS 53-84-9, molecular formula C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ with a free-acid molecular weight of approximately 663.43 g/mol (PubChem CID 5893; the protonated pyridinium cation is reported as C₂₁H₂₈N₇O₁₄P₂⁺). Catalog strength 500 mg, supplied as a lyophilized powder at ≥98% (HPLC). Identity and purity are intended to be confirmed by HPLC and spectroscopic methods on receipt.

Structure and mechanism themes

The molecule is a dinucleotide in which an adenosine 5'-monophosphate unit and a nicotinamide ribonucleotide unit are linked by a pyrophosphate bridge. In the research literature it functions as a reversible two-electron/hydride redox carrier (the NAD+/NADH couple) for oxidoreductase reactions, and as a cleavable co-substrate for NAD-consuming enzyme families — sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and CD38-type ADP-ribosyl cyclases — that release nicotinamide and transfer the ADP-ribose moiety. These mechanisms are characterized in cell-free enzyme assays and in cultured-cell metabolism models.

Research context

Within cellular-energy and NAD-metabolism research, NAD+ is examined as a node connecting central redox metabolism with NAD-salvage and de-novo biosynthetic pathways. It is commonly used as a defined substrate or analytical standard in coupled-enzyme kinetic assays and in chromatographic NAD/NADH quantification methods. This material is provided strictly for laboratory research use and is not for human or veterinary use.

Credible sources

Research context only. This article summarizes published in-vitro and pre-clinical research for scientific context. It is not a claim of efficacy or safety and does not constitute medical, usage, or dosing guidance. Helix Reagents products are Research Use Only and not for human or veterinary use.